All techniques
Sūtra 7 of 16

Saṅkalana-Vyavakalanābhyām

By addition and by subtraction

Solving simultaneous equations by adding and subtracting them.

When to use

When the x and y coefficients are interchanged across two equations.

How it works

Add the equations to get one easy result, subtract them to get another. Particularly powerful when coefficients swap (like ax+by=p and bx+ay=q).

Memory formula

Add to remove one difficulty, subtract to remove the other.

Worked examples

Problem 1
45x − 23y = 113 ; 23x − 45y = 91
0/3

    Try it yourself

    Try to solve, then reveal the steps one at a time.

    medium
    Solve: 5x − 3y = 11 ; 3x − 5y = 1

    Modern applications

    Where this ancient technique still lives in today's world.

    Coding

    Add/subtract symmetry

    Solving simultaneous equations by addition + subtraction is the core of Gaussian elimination — the most-used algorithm in numerical computing.

    Code in your favourite language

    Add and subtract symmetric equations to remove one unknown at a time.

    Python
    def add_subtract(a, b, p, q):
        # ax + by = p, bx + ay = q
        s = (p + q) / (a + b)  # x + y
        d = (p - q) / (a - b)  # x - y
        return (s + d) / 2, (s - d) / 2
    
    print(add_subtract(6, 7, 13, 13))

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